With reference to Figure 1 and Extract C, discuss whether supermarkets charging similar prices for petrol is evidence of collusion. Use game theory to support your answer.

3.4.4 · Oligopoly

Oligopoly revision notes

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A-level Paper 3, June 2025, Q1(d)EssayEvaluate

Optional25 marks

Case study · The cost of living in the UK

Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of high levels of inflation. Refer to the UK or any other developed economy in your answer.

2.1.2 · Inflation 4.1.9 · International competitiveness

Inflation revision notes International competitiveness revision notes

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A-level Paper 3, June 2025, Q1(e)EssayEvaluate

Optional25 marks

Case study · The cost of living in the UK

Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a regional trade agreement between the UK and the EU.

4.1.5 · Trading blocs and the World Trade Organisation (WTO)4.1.2 · Specialisation and trade 4.1.6 · Restrictions on free trade

Trading blocs and the World Trade Organisation (WTO) revision notes Specialisation and trade revision notes Restrictions on free trade revision notes

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A-level Paper 3, June 2025, Q2(a)Data responseExplain

5 marks

Case study · The economy of India

Using a demand and supply diagram, explain the cost of a subsidy on the market for cooking oil to the Indian government (Extract E, line 6).

Diagram needed. Open the original question paper for the diagram

1.2.9 · Indirect taxes and subsidies 1.4.1 · Government intervention in markets

Indirect taxes and subsidies revision notes Government intervention in markets revision notes

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A-level Paper 3, June 2025, Q2(b)Data responseExamine

8 marks

Case study · The economy of India

Examine two advantages of using the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure the level of economic development in India.

4.3.1 · Measures of development

Measures of development revision notes

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12 marks

Case study · The economy of India

With reference to Extract F, discuss the problems that might be involved with the buffer stock system in India.

4.3.3 · Strategies influencing growth and development 1.4.2 · Government failure

Strategies influencing growth and development revision notes Government failure revision notes

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A-level Paper 3, June 2025, Q2(d)EssayEvaluate

Optional25 marks

Case study · The economy of India

Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic reasons for the fall in poverty in India.

4.2.1 · Absolute and relative poverty 4.3.2 · Factors influencing growth and development 4.3.3 · Strategies influencing growth and development

Absolute and relative poverty revision notes Factors influencing growth and development revision notes Strategies influencing growth and development revision notes

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A-level Paper 3, June 2025, Q2(e)EssayEvaluate

Optional25 marks

Case study · The economy of India

Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of rapid increases in population in India.

4.3.2 · Factors influencing growth and development 3.5.2 · Supply of labour 2.3.3 · Long-run AS

Factors influencing growth and development revision notes Supply of labour revision notes Long-run AS revision notes

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