Optional25 marks
Case study · The cost of living in the UK
Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of high levels of inflation. Refer to the UK or any other developed economy in your answer.
Specification point 4.1.9 · Theme 4
International competitiveness
International economics · A global perspective
Questions tagged to this specification point
10 questions
Essay questions
Long-form evaluation and discussion
Optional25 marks
ContextIn 2022 the value of UK exports fell by 14% compared with 2020. In contrast, the global average increase in exports was 8.2% over the same time period. The UK’s competitiveness also fell, dropping five places from 18th in 2021 to 23rd in 2022 in the world competitiveness rankings.
Evaluate macroeconomic policies that could be used to increase international competitiveness in the UK’s export markets.
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4.1.9 · International competitiveness2.6.3 · Supply-side policies4.5.4 · Macroeconomic policies in a global context
Optional25 marks
Case study · The UK economy
Evaluate possible microeconomic and macroeconomic policies which could be used to improve UK competitiveness.
Optional25 marks
Case study · The UK economy
Evaluate the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of a decline in the literacy and numeracy skills of a country’s young workers.
Optional25 marks
Case study · The UK economy
With reference to the information provided and your own knowledge, evaluate the likely microeconomic and macroeconomic influences on the UK’s international competitiveness.
Data-response questions
Questions built around exam extracts
5 marks
Case study · The UK economy
With specific reference to Figure 3, explain why productivity is measured by ‘GDP per hour worked, nominal values at PPPs’.
8 marks
Case study · The UK economy
Apart from literacy and numeracy skills in young workers, examine one reason for the trend in productivity in the UK, over the period shown in Figure 4.
Short-answer questions
Focused calculations, explanations and diagrams
2 marks
ContextUnit labour costs for selected European countries, 2017, base year 2010 = 100. Country Unit labour costs Austria 113 Hungary 120 Estonia 129 France 107 …
Explain one likely reason for Estonia’s unit labour costs rising faster than in other European countries.
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2 marks
ContextUnit labour costs for selected European countries, 2017, base year 2010 = 100. Country Unit labour costs Austria 113 Hungary 120 Estonia 129 France 107 …
Explain how Estonia’s competitiveness could be affected by rising unit labour costs.
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Multiple-choice questions
Quick checks of economic understanding
A-level Paper 2, June 2019, Q3(c)Multiple choice
1 mark
ContextUnit labour costs for selected European countries, 2017, base year 2010 = 100. Country Unit labour costs Austria 113 Hungary 120 Estonia 129 France 107 …
The increase in Austria’s unit labour costs between 2010 and 2017 is:
A3%
B11.3%
C13%
D113%
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