A-level · June 2023 · Paper 1

Markets and Business Behaviour

100 marks19 questionsExam date 18 May 2023

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19 total
4 marks
ContextIn a major reform of its command economy, the Cuban government will allow small private businesses to operate in most fields. Free market economists have long called for the role of small business to be expanded to help jump-start the economy and to create jobs.

With reference to the information provided, explain one advantage of a free market economy.

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ContextIn a major reform of its command economy, the Cuban government will allow small private businesses to operate in most fields. Free market economists have long called for the role of small business to be expanded to help jump-start the economy and to create jobs.

Which one of the following economic thinkers supported the idea of a command economy?

AAdam Smith
BFriedrich Hayek
CJohn Maynard Keynes
DKarl Marx

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2 marks
ContextThe production possibility frontier shows last year’s harvest for a UK farmer at point X. Wheat …

Calculate the opportunity cost of the decision by the farmer to harvest 6 units of wheat this year at point Y (movement from point X to point Y).

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ContextThe production possibility frontier shows last year’s harvest for a UK farmer at point X. Wheat …

Which one of the following would be most likely to help the farmer reach point Z? An increase in

Ainvestment in milk production machinery
Binvestment in modern farming technology
Cthe demand for wheat
Dthe price of oats

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ContextA luxury brownie baker is faced with falling demand as incomes fall.

The likely income elasticity of demand for a luxury good is:

A–3.40
B–0.74
C+0.74
D+3.40

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4 marks
ContextA luxury brownie baker is faced with falling demand as incomes fall.

Small local bakeries have many of the characteristics of monopolistic competition. Draw the short run profit maximising equilibrium of a loss-making luxury brownie baker.

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2 marks
ContextAn annual season ticket for a train journey between London and Reading is planned to increase from £5044 to £5 664 in 2023.

With reference to the information provided, calculate the percentage change in the price of an annual season ticket.

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2 marks
ContextAn annual season ticket for a train journey between London and Reading is planned to increase from £5044 to £5 664 in 2023.

Explain the likely impact of the increase in price of a season ticket on consumer surplus.

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ContextAn annual season ticket for a train journey between London and Reading is planned to increase from £5044 to £5 664 in 2023.

Which one of the following areas represents the change in producer surplus when a minimum price is imposed?

AFEPeP1
BFMP1
CGEPeP1
DGKP1

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ContextIndex of pay in the public and private sector. Nominal average weekly earnings (base year January 2018 = 100) 120 118 Private Sector 115 114 Index 110 Public Sector …

Which one of the following is the ratio of public sector pay relative to private sector pay in 2022?

A1:0.97
B1:1.04
C1:4.0
D1:14.0

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4 marks
ContextIndex of pay in the public and private sector. Nominal average weekly earnings (base year January 2018 = 100) 120 118 Private Sector 115 114 Index 110 Public Sector …

Over 90% of nurses work in the public sector. Nurses in the public sector have experienced wage rises lower than those in the private sector over the past 10 years. Using the information provided and the concept of monopsony, explain why nurses in the public sector have had lower wage rises than those in the private sector.

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5 marks

Case study · The UK online streaming services market

With reference to Figure 1, explain the market structure that best describes the market for UK online streaming services.

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10 marks

Case study · The UK online streaming services market

With reference to the information provided, assess whether Netflix subscribers behave rationally.

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8 marks

Case study · The UK online streaming services market

With reference to the information provided, examine the likely numerical value of the cross elasticity of demand between UK online streaming services.

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12 marks

Case study · The UK online streaming services market

With reference to Extract C, discuss the likely private and external benefits of viewing educational websites and TV programmes.

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15 marks

Case study · The UK online streaming services market

Using examples from Figure 2 or Extract B, discuss the likely impact of price discrimination on a firm’s profits. Use a relevant diagram to support your answer.

Diagram needed. Open the original question paper for the diagram

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Optional25 marks
ContextThe average UK household energy bill (gas and electric combined) rose 80% from £1971 in 2021 to £3 549 in 2022.

Evaluate possible methods of government intervention to control household energy bills in the UK.

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Optional25 marks
ContextUsing 2021 estimates of carbon emissions, it is estimated that a petrol car journey from London to Glasgow emits approximately 3.3 times more carbon dioxide per passenger than the equivalent journey by train.

Evaluate possible methods of government intervention to reduce carbon emissions caused by road transport in the UK.

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