AS · June 2018 · Paper 1

Introduction to Markets and Market Failure

80 marks21 questionsExam date 14 May 2018

Questions in exam order

21 total
1 mark
ContextStatement 1: Cuba has a healthcare system with a patient to doctor ratio of 155:1. Statement 2: Other countries ought to adopt a similar healthcare system to that which exists in Cuba.

Which one of the following best describes the two statements above?

ANormative Normative
BNormative Positive
CPositive Normative
DPositive Positive
AS Paper 1, June 2018, Q1(b)Short answerCalculate
2 marks
ContextStatement 1: Cuba has a healthcare system with a patient to doctor ratio of 155:1. Statement 2: Other countries ought to adopt a similar healthcare system to that which exists in Cuba.

Cuba’s population is estimated to be 11 million. With reference to Statement 1 above, calculate the estimated number of doctors in Cuba. You are advised to show your working.

1 mark
ContextIn February 2016 the Daily Mail newspaper increased its price from 60p to 65p. By August 2016 its sales had fallen by 5.41%.

Which one of the following is most likely to be a determinant of price elasticity of demand for the Daily Mail newspaper?

AAvailability of rival newspapers
BChange in population size
CDecrease in the cost of producing the Daily Mail newspaper
DExpected rise in the price of the Daily Mail newspaper
1 mark
ContextIn the UK charges for dental treatment vary. For example, the following charges can be made for a tooth filling: • National Health Service (NHS) dental treatment £50.50 • Private dental treatment £95–£700 A dentist can choose to offer NHS treatment, private treatment or both.

Using the data above, which one of the following is a function of the price mechanism in the market for private dental care?

AActing as a signal to dentists when deciding whether to provide private dental treatment
BEliminating a shortage of private dentists by allowing the price of private treatment to fall
CEncouraging government intervention to set dental care targets
DIncentivising private dentists to offer only NHS treatment
AS Paper 1, June 2018, Q3(b)Short answerExplain
2 marks
ContextIn the UK charges for dental treatment vary. For example, the following charges can be made for a tooth filling: • National Health Service (NHS) dental treatment £50.50 • Private dental treatment £95–£700 A dentist can choose to offer NHS treatment, private treatment or both.

Explain one possible reason why the state provides NHS dental treatment.

1 mark
ContextBetween 2013 and 2015, median household income in the UK increased from £24200 to £25700. Over the same period the demand for bus travel fell by 3%.

Which one of the following is the most accurate explanation of the term ‘median household income’?

AThe difference between the highest level of household income and the lowest level of household income
BThe middle household income after placing all household incomes in numerical order
CThe most frequently occurring level of household income
DTotal household income divided by the number of households
AS Paper 1, June 2018, Q5(b)Short answerAnnotate
2 marks
ContextThe British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a TV broadcaster. It is financed through an annual TV licence fee of £145.50. At this fee level many TV owners benefit from consumer surplus.

The diagram shows the production possibility frontier for the BBC. Assuming the BBC is at point W, annotate the diagram to show the opportunity cost of providing more educational programmes.

Diagram needed. Open the original question paper for the diagram

1 mark
ContextThe British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a TV broadcaster. It is financed through an annual TV licence fee of £145.50. At this fee level many TV owners benefit from consumer surplus.

BBC programmes are often referred to as being public goods. This is because:

Aall BBC programmes are financed by the public sector
Bthe BBC is the most popular broadcaster in the UK
Cthe consumption of these programmes is non-rivalrous
Dthere are external benefits from the consumption of many BBC
AS Paper 1, June 2018, Q6(e)Data responseDiscuss
15 marks

Case study · Energy markets

Discuss the likely microeconomic effects of this decision on energy producers and consumers. Include a supply and demand diagram in your answer.

Diagram needed. Open the original question paper for the diagram

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