A-level · June 2022 · Paper 2

The National and Global Economy

100 marks17 questions

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17 total
4 marks
ContextAccording to the Bank of England, the UK’s marginal propensity to consume is estimated to be 0.64.

Using the information above, calculate the total reduction in the UK’s GDP from a fall in government spending of £20 million.

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ContextAccording to the Bank of England, the UK’s marginal propensity to consume is estimated to be 0.64.

Which one of the following is an injection into the circular flow of income?

AImports
BInvestment
CSavings
DTaxation

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ContextAnnual percentage change in average UK house prices % 6 Aug-18Nov-18Feb-19 Aug-19Nov-19Feb-20 Aug-20Nov-20Feb-21 May-18 May-19 May-20 May-21 …

With reference to the chart, which one of the following is true? Average UK house prices:

Afell in August 2020
Bfell in November 2018
Crose the fastest in May 2021
Dstayed constant in 2018

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4 marks
ContextAnnual percentage change in average UK house prices % 6 Aug-18Nov-18Feb-19 Aug-19Nov-19Feb-20 Aug-20Nov-20Feb-21 May-18 May-19 May-20 May-21 …

With reference to the chart on the previous page, explain the likely impact of an increase in average house prices on UK consumption.

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4 marks
ContextBank of England base interest rate …

With reference to the chart above, explain the likely impact of a reduction in the base interest rate on UK investment.

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ContextBank of England base interest rate …

Which one of the following would be most likely to result from lower base interest rates?

Athe average price of houses
Bthe external value of the pound
Cthe level of employment
Dthe rate of economic growth

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ContextThe trade cycle Real GDP Positive output gap Trend GDP Z Actual GDP Time …

At point Z on the diagram, which one of the following is likely to occur? An increase in:

Aabsolute poverty
Bbudget deficit
Ccyclical unemployment
Dinflation

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4 marks
ContextThe trade cycle Real GDP Positive output gap Trend GDP Z Actual GDP Time …

With reference to the graph, explain the difference between automatic stabilisers and discretionary fiscal policy.

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4 marks
ContextIn May 2020, the UK government introduced a loan scheme to help small businesses survive the downturn in the economy. Small businesses could borrow up to £50 000 at an interest rate of 2.5% for up to 6 years from a bank. The government guaranteed 100% of the loans, to enable banks to issue them quickly, and only minimal checks were made on borrowers.

With reference to the information above, explain one role of financial markets.

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ContextIn May 2020, the UK government introduced a loan scheme to help small businesses survive the downturn in the economy. Small businesses could borrow up to £50 000 at an interest rate of 2.5% for up to 6 years from a bank. The government guaranteed 100% of the loans, to enable banks to issue them quickly, and only minimal checks were made on borrowers.

Which one of the following would be a risk if ‘only minimal checks were made on borrowers’ in this loan scheme?

AAsymmetric information
BCrowding out
CMarket rigging
DSpeculation

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5 marks

Case study · UK Government spending and inequality

Using a Lorenz curve diagram, explain how income inequality is measured using the Gini coefficient. Refer to Extract A in your answer.

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15 marks

Case study · UK Government spending and inequality

With reference to Extract B, discuss the benefits of an increase in infrastructure spending on the UK economy. Use an aggregate demand and aggregate supply diagram to support your answer.

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Optional25 marks
ContextBoth China and the United States have been gradually increasing the tariffs imposed on each other’s exports as their trade dispute continues. The IMF estimated that the trade dispute between China and the United States would reduce global GDP growth by 0.8 percentage points by the end of 2020.

Evaluate the likely impact of an increase in protectionism on the global economy.

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Optional25 marks
ContextWith global economic growth slowing and inequality rising, the case against globalisation is strengthening. But there are also many benefits to globalisation. Global trade and international trade agreements allow countries to focus on their strengths and share expertise, as well as reducing risk through diversification.

Evaluate the likely impact of globalisation on the global economy.

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